[1]
+2점 · ( 1 27 ) a 12 = ( 3 a ) − 1 4 \displaystyle \left(\frac{1}{27}\right)^{\frac{a}{12}}=\left(3^{a}\right)^{-\frac{1}{4}} ( 27 1 ) 12 a = ( 3 a ) − 4 1 이나 ( 1 27 ) a 12 = 3 − 1 4 log 3 4 \displaystyle \left(\frac{1}{27}\right)^{\frac{a}{12}}=3^{-\frac{1}{4}\log_{3}4} ( 27 1 ) 12 a = 3 − 4 1 l o g 3 4 을 얻으면 (1) ( 1 27 ) a 12 = 3 − 3 × a 12 = ( 3 a ) − 1 4 = 4 − 1 4 \displaystyle \left(\frac{1}{27}\right)^{\frac{a}{12}}=3^{-3\times\frac{a}{12}}=\left(3^{a}\right)^{-\frac{1}{4}}=4^{-\frac{1}{4}} ( 27 1 ) 12 a = 3 − 3 × 12 a = ( 3 a ) − 4 1 = 4 − 4 1
+3점 · 2 2 \displaystyle \frac{\sqrt{2}}{2} 2 2 를 얻으면 = 1 2 = 2 2 \displaystyle =\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}=\frac{\sqrt{2}}{2} = 2 1 = 2 2
+2점 · log 3 4 \displaystyle \log_{3}4 log 3 4 는 유리수라고 가정하고 log 3 4 = q p \displaystyle \log_{3}4=\frac{q}{p} log 3 4 = p q 을 언급하면 (2) log 3 4 \displaystyle \log_{3}4 log 3 4 는 유리수라고 가정하자.
+1점 · log 3 4 > 0 \displaystyle \log_{3}4>0 log 3 4 > 0 이므로 p , q \displaystyle p,q p , q 가 자연수임을 언급하면 log 3 4 > 0 \displaystyle \log_{3}4>0 log 3 4 > 0 이므로 log 3 4 = q p \displaystyle \log_{3}4=\frac{q}{p} log 3 4 = p q 인 자연수 p \displaystyle p p , q \displaystyle q q 가 존재한다.log 3 4 = q p ⇔ 3 q p = 4 \displaystyle \log_{3}4=\frac{q}{p}\ \Leftrightarrow\ 3^{\frac{q}{p}}=4 log 3 4 = p q ⇔ 3 p q = 4 로부터 3 q = 4 p \displaystyle 3^{q}=4^{p} 3 q = 4 p 을 얻는다.
+2점 · 3 q \displaystyle 3^{q} 3 q 은 홀수이고 4 p \displaystyle 4^{p} 4 p 은 짝수이므로 모순임을 언급하면 3 q \displaystyle 3^{q} 3 q 은 홀수이고 4 p \displaystyle 4^{p} 4 p 은 짝수이므로 모순이다.따라서 log 3 4 \displaystyle \log_{3}4 log 3 4 는 무리수이다.
+2점 · f ( x ) = cos 2 x − sin x = − sin 2 x − sin x + 1 \displaystyle f(x)=\cos^{2}x-\sin x=-\sin^{2}x-\sin x+1 f ( x ) = cos 2 x − sin x = − sin 2 x − sin x + 1 이나 f ( x ) = cos 2 x − sin x − x \displaystyle f(x)=\cos^{2}x-\sin x-x f ( x ) = cos 2 x − sin x − x 을 얻으면 [2] 주어진 방정식의 실근을 두 함수 f ( x ) = cos 2 x − sin x \displaystyle f(x)=\cos^{2}x-\sin x f ( x ) = cos 2 x − sin x 와 y = x \displaystyle y=x y = x 의 교점으로 구한다. f ( x ) = cos 2 x − sin x = − sin 2 x − sin x + 1 \displaystyle f(x)=\cos^{2}x-\sin x=-\sin^{2}x-\sin x+1 f ( x ) = cos 2 x − sin x = − sin 2 x − sin x + 1
+2점 · f ′ ( x ) = 0 \displaystyle f^{\prime}(x)=0 f ′ ( x ) = 0 을 만족하는 x = − π 2 , π 2 \displaystyle x=-\frac{\pi}{2},\frac{\pi}{2} x = − 2 π , 2 π , x = − π 6 , − 5 π 6 \displaystyle x=-\frac{\pi}{6},-\frac{5\pi}{6} x = − 6 π , − 6 5 π 을 얻거나 일부 구간에서 f ( x ) > 0 \displaystyle f(x)>0 f ( x ) > 0 임을 올바로 얻으면 f ′ ( x ) = − 2 sin x cos x − cos x = − cos x ( 2 sin x + 1 ) \displaystyle f^{\prime}(x)=-2\sin x\cos x-\cos x=-\cos x(2\sin x+1) f ′ ( x ) = − 2 sin x cos x − cos x = − cos x ( 2 sin x + 1 ) f ′ ( x ) = 0 \displaystyle f^{\prime}(x)=0 f ′ ( x ) = 0 을 만족하는 극값을 구하면cos x = 0 \displaystyle \cos x=0 cos x = 0 에서 x = − π 2 , π 2 \displaystyle x=-\frac{\pi}{2},\frac{\pi}{2} x = − 2 π , 2 π sin x = − 1 2 \displaystyle \sin x=-\frac{1}{2} sin x = − 2 1 에서 x = − π 6 , − 5 π 6 \displaystyle x=-\frac{\pi}{6},-\frac{5\pi}{6} x = − 6 π , − 6 5 π
+3점 · 제시된 주요 구간에서 함수의 증감표나 함숫값의 부호가 모두 올바르면 함수의 증가와 감소를 표로 나타내면 다음과 같다.
x \displaystyle x x − π \displaystyle -\pi − π ⋯ \displaystyle \cdots ⋯ − 5 π 6 \displaystyle -\frac{5\pi}{6} − 6 5 π ⋯ \displaystyle \cdots ⋯ − π 2 \displaystyle -\frac{\pi}{2} − 2 π ⋯ \displaystyle \cdots ⋯ − π 6 \displaystyle -\frac{\pi}{6} − 6 π ⋯ \displaystyle \cdots ⋯ π 2 \displaystyle \frac{\pi}{2} 2 π ⋯ \displaystyle \cdots ⋯ π \displaystyle \pi π f ′ ( x ) \displaystyle f^{\prime}(x) f ′ ( x ) + \displaystyle + + 0 \displaystyle 0 0 − \displaystyle - − 0 \displaystyle 0 0 + \displaystyle + + 0 \displaystyle 0 0 − \displaystyle - − 0 \displaystyle 0 0 + \displaystyle + + f ( x ) \displaystyle f(x) f ( x ) 1 \displaystyle 1 1 ↗ \displaystyle \nearrow ↗ 5 4 \displaystyle \frac{5}{4} 4 5 ↘ \displaystyle \searrow ↘ 1 \displaystyle 1 1 ↗ \displaystyle \nearrow ↗ 5 4 \displaystyle \frac{5}{4} 4 5 ↘ \displaystyle \searrow ↘ − 1 \displaystyle -1 − 1 ↗ \displaystyle \nearrow ↗ 1 \displaystyle 1 1
+2점 · 근의 개수가 1개임을 제시하면 − π ≤ x ≤ π \displaystyle -\pi\le x\le\pi − π ≤ x ≤ π 에서, 그래프의 개형을 고려하면두 함수 f ( x ) = cos 2 x − sin x \displaystyle f(x)=\cos^{2}x-\sin x f ( x ) = cos 2 x − sin x 와 y = x \displaystyle y=x y = x 는 한점에서 만난다. 따라서 − π ≤ x ≤ π \displaystyle -\pi\le x\le\pi − π ≤ x ≤ π 에서 방정식 cos 2 x − sin x − x = 0 \displaystyle \cos^{2}x-\sin x-x=0 cos 2 x − sin x − x = 0 은 1개의 실근을 갖는다.
+1점 · P ( A C ∩ B ) = P ( A C ) P ( B ∣ A C ) \displaystyle \mathrm{P}(A^{C}\cap B)=\mathrm{P}(A^{C})\mathrm{P}(B|A^{C}) P ( A C ∩ B ) = P ( A C ) P ( B ∣ A C ) 에 해당하는 수식을 올바로 제시하면 [3] 이메일이 스팸메일인 사건을 A \displaystyle A A , 스팸메일이 아닌 사건을 A C \displaystyle A^{C} A C , 이메일에 단어 '계좌'가 들어가 있을 사건을 B \displaystyle B B 라고 하면 P ( A ) = 1 4 , P ( A C ) = 3 4 , P ( B ∣ A ) = 4 5 , P ( B ∣ A C ) = 3 10 \displaystyle \mathrm{P}(A)=\frac{1}{4},\ \mathrm{P}(A^{C})=\frac{3}{4},\ \mathrm{P}(B|A)=\frac{4}{5},\ \mathrm{P}(B|A^{C})=\frac{3}{10} P ( A ) = 4 1 , P ( A C ) = 4 3 , P ( B ∣ A ) = 5 4 , P ( B ∣ A C ) = 10 3 (1) P ( A C ∩ B ) = P ( A C ) P ( B ∣ A C ) \displaystyle \mathrm{P}(A^{C}\cap B)=\mathrm{P}(A^{C})\mathrm{P}(B|A^{C}) P ( A C ∩ B ) = P ( A C ) P ( B ∣ A C )
+3점 · 9 40 \displaystyle \frac{9}{40} 40 9 이나 0.225 \displaystyle 0.225 0.225 를 얻으면 = 3 4 × 3 10 = 9 40 \displaystyle =\frac{3}{4}\times\frac{3}{10}=\frac{9}{40} = 4 3 × 10 3 = 40 9
+2점 · P ( A ∩ B ) = P ( A ) P ( B ∣ A ) \displaystyle \mathrm{P}(A\cap B)=\mathrm{P}(A)\mathrm{P}(B|A) P ( A ∩ B ) = P ( A ) P ( B ∣ A ) 과 P ( B ) = P ( A ∩ B ) + P ( A C ∩ B ) \displaystyle \mathrm{P}(B)=\mathrm{P}(A\cap B)+\mathrm{P}(A^{C}\cap B) P ( B ) = P ( A ∩ B ) + P ( A C ∩ B ) 에 해당하는 수식을 제시하면 (2) P ( A ∩ B ) = P ( A ) P ( B ∣ A ) = 1 4 × 4 5 = 1 5 \displaystyle \mathrm{P}(A\cap B)=\mathrm{P}(A)\mathrm{P}(B|A)=\frac{1}{4}\times\frac{4}{5}=\frac{1}{5} P ( A ∩ B ) = P ( A ) P ( B ∣ A ) = 4 1 × 5 4 = 5 1 이므로 P ( B ) = P ( A ∩ B ) + P ( A C ∩ B ) \displaystyle \mathrm{P}(B)=\mathrm{P}(A\cap B)+\mathrm{P}(A^{C}\cap B) P ( B ) = P ( A ∩ B ) + P ( A C ∩ B )
+3점 · 17 40 \displaystyle \frac{17}{40} 40 17 이나 0.425 \displaystyle 0.425 0.425 를 얻으면 = 1 5 + 9 40 = 17 40 \displaystyle =\frac{1}{5}+\frac{9}{40}=\frac{17}{40} = 5 1 + 40 9 = 40 17
+2점 · P ( A ∣ B ) = P ( A ∩ B ) P ( B ) \displaystyle \mathrm{P}(A|B)=\frac{\mathrm{P}(A\cap B)}{\mathrm{P}(B)} P ( A ∣ B ) = P ( B ) P ( A ∩ B ) 에 해당하는 수식을 올바로 제시하면 (3) P ( A ∣ B ) = P ( A ∩ B ) P ( B ) \displaystyle \mathrm{P}(A|B)=\frac{\mathrm{P}(A\cap B)}{\mathrm{P}(B)} P ( A ∣ B ) = P ( B ) P ( A ∩ B )
+4점 · 8 17 \displaystyle \frac{8}{17} 17 8 이나 0.47 \displaystyle 0.47 0.47 을 올바로 제시하면 = 1 5 17 40 = 8 17 \displaystyle =\frac{\frac{1}{5}}{\frac{17}{40}}=\frac{8}{17} = 40 17 5 1 = 17 8
+3점 · g ( x ) = f ( x ) + f ( − x ) 2 \displaystyle g(x)=\frac{f(x)+f(-x)}{2} g ( x ) = 2 f ( x ) + f ( − x ) , h ( x ) = f ( x ) − f ( − x ) 2 \displaystyle h(x)=\frac{f(x)-f(-x)}{2} h ( x ) = 2 f ( x ) − f ( − x ) 을 얻으면 [4] (1) 조건 ( i )에 의해 f ( x ) = g ( x ) + h ( x ) ⋯ ⋯ ① \displaystyle f(x)=g(x)+h(x)\ \cdots\cdots\ \text{①} f ( x ) = g ( x ) + h ( x ) ⋯⋯ ① 조건 ( ii )에 의해 f ( − x ) = g ( − x ) + h ( − x ) = g ( x ) − h ( x ) ⋯ ⋯ ② \displaystyle f(-x)=g(-x)+h(-x)=g(x)-h(x)\ \cdots\cdots\ \text{②} f ( − x ) = g ( − x ) + h ( − x ) = g ( x ) − h ( x ) ⋯⋯ ② ①, ②를 연립하여 g ( x ) \displaystyle g(x) g ( x ) 와 h ( x ) \displaystyle h(x) h ( x ) 를 구하면 g ( x ) = f ( x ) + f ( − x ) 2 , h ( x ) = f ( x ) − f ( − x ) 2 \displaystyle g(x)=\frac{f(x)+f(-x)}{2},\quad h(x)=\frac{f(x)-f(-x)}{2} g ( x ) = 2 f ( x ) + f ( − x ) , h ( x ) = 2 f ( x ) − f ( − x ) 따라서 f ( x ) = g ( x ) + h ( x ) \displaystyle f(x)=g(x)+h(x) f ( x ) = g ( x ) + h ( x )
+3점 · 연립방정식을 풀어 g ( x ) , h ( x ) \displaystyle g(x),h(x) g ( x ) , h ( x ) 를 얻었거나, g ( x ) , h ( x ) \displaystyle g(x),h(x) g ( x ) , h ( x ) 가 조건을 만족함을 보인 경우 g ( − x ) = f ( − x ) + f ( x ) 2 = f ( x ) + f ( − x ) 2 = g ( x ) \displaystyle g(-x)=\frac{f(-x)+f(x)}{2}=\frac{f(x)+f(-x)}{2}=g(x) g ( − x ) = 2 f ( − x ) + f ( x ) = 2 f ( x ) + f ( − x ) = g ( x ) h ( − x ) = f ( − x ) − f ( x ) 2 = − f ( x ) − f ( − x ) 2 = − h ( x ) \displaystyle h(-x)=\frac{f(-x)-f(x)}{2}=-\frac{f(x)-f(-x)}{2}=-h(x) h ( − x ) = 2 f ( − x ) − f ( x ) = − 2 f ( x ) − f ( − x ) = − h ( x )
+2점 · ∫ − 1 1 g ( x ) d x = 2 ∫ 0 1 g ( x ) d x \displaystyle \int_{-1}^{1}g(x)dx=2\int_{0}^{1}g(x)dx ∫ − 1 1 g ( x ) d x = 2 ∫ 0 1 g ( x ) d x 나 ∫ − 1 1 h ( x ) d x = 0 \displaystyle \int_{-1}^{1}h(x)dx=0 ∫ − 1 1 h ( x ) d x = 0 을 언급하면 (2) f ( x ) = x ( x + p ) 2 + 1 \displaystyle f(x)=\frac{x}{(x+p)^{2}+1} f ( x ) = ( x + p ) 2 + 1 x 라고 하자. 조건 ( ii )에 의해 ∫ − 1 1 g ( x ) d x = 2 ∫ 0 1 g ( x ) d x \displaystyle \int_{-1}^{1}g(x)dx=2\int_{0}^{1}g(x)dx ∫ − 1 1 g ( x ) d x = 2 ∫ 0 1 g ( x ) d x 이고 ∫ − 1 1 h ( x ) d x = 0 \displaystyle \int_{-1}^{1}h(x)dx=0 ∫ − 1 1 h ( x ) d x = 0
+2점 · g ( x ) = − 2 p x 2 { ( x + p ) 2 + 1 } { ( − x + p ) 2 + 1 } \displaystyle g(x)=-2p\frac{x^{2}}{\left\{(x+p)^{2}+1\right\}\left\{(-x+p)^{2}+1\right\}} g ( x ) = − 2 p { ( x + p ) 2 + 1 } { ( − x + p ) 2 + 1 } x 2 을 얻으면 그러므로 f ( x ) = g ( x ) + h ( x ) = 1 2 { x ( x + p ) 2 + 1 + − x ( − x + p ) 2 + 1 } + h ( x ) = x 2 ⋅ ( − x + p ) 2 + 1 − ( x + p ) 2 − 1 { ( x + p ) 2 + 1 } { ( − x + p ) 2 + 1 } + h ( x ) = − 2 p x 2 { ( x + p ) 2 + 1 } { ( − x + p ) 2 + 1 } + h ( x ) \displaystyle \begin{aligned}f(x)=g(x)+h(x)&=\frac{1}{2}\left\{\frac{x}{(x+p)^{2}+1}+\frac{-x}{(-x+p)^{2}+1}\right\}+h(x)\\&=\frac{x}{2}\cdot\frac{(-x+p)^{2}+1-(x+p)^{2}-1}{\left\{(x+p)^{2}+1\right\}\left\{(-x+p)^{2}+1\right\}}+h(x)\\&=-2p\frac{x^{2}}{\left\{(x+p)^{2}+1\right\}\left\{(-x+p)^{2}+1\right\}}+h(x)\end{aligned} f ( x ) = g ( x ) + h ( x ) = 2 1 { ( x + p ) 2 + 1 x + ( − x + p ) 2 + 1 − x } + h ( x ) = 2 x ⋅ { ( x + p ) 2 + 1 } { ( − x + p ) 2 + 1 } ( − x + p ) 2 + 1 − ( x + p ) 2 − 1 + h ( x ) = − 2 p { ( x + p ) 2 + 1 } { ( − x + p ) 2 + 1 } x 2 + h ( x )
+4점 · ∫ − 1 1 f ( x ) d x = − 4 p ∫ 0 1 x 2 { ( x + p ) 2 + 1 } { ( − x + p ) 2 + 1 } d x \displaystyle \int_{-1}^{1}f(x)dx=-4p\int_{0}^{1}\frac{x^{2}}{\left\{(x+p)^{2}+1\right\}\left\{(-x+p)^{2}+1\right\}}dx ∫ − 1 1 f ( x ) d x = − 4 p ∫ 0 1 { ( x + p ) 2 + 1 } { ( − x + p ) 2 + 1 } x 2 d x ∫ − 1 1 f ( x ) d x = ∫ − 1 1 { g ( x ) + h ( x ) } d x = 2 ∫ 0 1 g ( x ) d x = − 4 p ∫ 0 1 x 2 { ( x + p ) 2 + 1 } { ( − x + p ) 2 + 1 } d x \displaystyle \int_{-1}^{1}f(x)dx=\int_{-1}^{1}\left\{g(x)+h(x)\right\}dx=2\int_{0}^{1}g(x)dx=-4p\int_{0}^{1}\frac{x^{2}}{\left\{(x+p)^{2}+1\right\}\left\{(-x+p)^{2}+1\right\}}dx ∫ − 1 1 f ( x ) d x = ∫ − 1 1 { g ( x ) + h ( x ) } d x = 2 ∫ 0 1 g ( x ) d x = − 4 p ∫ 0 1 { ( x + p ) 2 + 1 } { ( − x + p ) 2 + 1 } x 2 d x
+2점 · 올바른 근거에 바탕해 p = 0 \displaystyle p=0 p = 0 을 얻으면 함수 x 2 { ( x + p ) 2 + 1 } { ( − x + p ) 2 + 1 } \displaystyle \frac{x^{2}}{\left\{(x+p)^{2}+1\right\}\left\{(-x+p)^{2}+1\right\}} { ( x + p ) 2 + 1 } { ( − x + p ) 2 + 1 } x 2 는 구간 ( 0 , 1 ) \displaystyle (0,1) ( 0 , 1 ) 에서 양이므로 정적분 값은 0 \displaystyle 0 0 이 아니다. 그러므로 ∫ − 1 1 f ( x ) d x = 0 \displaystyle \int_{-1}^{1}f(x)dx=0 ∫ − 1 1 f ( x ) d x = 0 이면 p = 0 \displaystyle p=0 p = 0 이다.