[문제1-1] (단답형) 정답: 1 2 m \displaystyle \frac12\,\mathrm{m} 2 1 m
그림에서 tan α = a x \displaystyle \tan\alpha=\frac ax tan α = x a , tan β = b x \displaystyle \tan\beta=\frac bx tan β = x b 이므로
tan θ = tan ( α − β ) = tan α − tan β 1 + tan α tan β = a x − b x 1 + a x b x = ( a − b ) x x 2 + a b \displaystyle \tan\theta=\tan(\alpha-\beta)=\frac{\tan\alpha-\tan\beta}{1+\tan\alpha\tan\beta}=\frac{\frac ax-\frac bx}{1+\frac ax\frac bx}=\frac{(a-b)x}{x^2+ab} tan θ = tan ( α − β ) = 1 + tan α tan β tan α − tan β = 1 + x a x b x a − x b = x 2 + ab ( a − b ) x .
x = 2 , 3 \displaystyle x=2,3 x = 2 , 3 일 때의 tan θ \displaystyle \tan\theta tan θ 값이 2 11 \displaystyle \frac2{11} 11 2 , 1 7 \displaystyle \frac17 7 1 이므로 tan A = 2 11 = 2 ( a − b ) 4 + a b \displaystyle \tan A=\frac2{11}=\frac{2(a-b)}{4+ab} tan A = 11 2 = 4 + ab 2 ( a − b ) , tan B = 1 7 = 3 ( a − b ) 9 + a b \displaystyle \tan B=\frac17=\frac{3(a-b)}{9+ab} tan B = 7 1 = 9 + ab 3 ( a − b ) . 따라서
11 ( a − b ) = 4 + a b ⋯ \displaystyle 11(a-b)=4+ab\quad\cdots 11 ( a − b ) = 4 + ab ⋯ ①
21 ( a − b ) = 9 + a b ⋯ \displaystyle 21(a-b)=9+ab\quad\cdots 21 ( a − b ) = 9 + ab ⋯ ②
②-①에서 10 ( a − b ) = 5 \displaystyle 10(a-b)=5 10 ( a − b ) = 5 이므로 a − b = 1 2 \displaystyle a-b=\frac12 a − b = 2 1 이다.
따라서 막대의 길이는 a − b = 3 2 − 1 = 1 2 \displaystyle a-b=\frac32-1=\frac12 a − b = 2 3 − 1 = 2 1 이 된다.
21①-11②에서 21 ( 4 + a b ) − 11 ( 9 + a b ) = 0 \displaystyle 21(4+ab)-11(9+ab)=0 21 ( 4 + ab ) − 11 ( 9 + ab ) = 0 이므로 10 a b = 99 − 84 = 15 \displaystyle 10ab=99-84=15 10 ab = 99 − 84 = 15 , 즉 a b = 3 2 \displaystyle ab=\frac32 ab = 2 3 .
위 두 식을 연립하여 풀면 a = 3 2 \displaystyle a=\frac32 a = 2 3 , b = 1 \displaystyle b=1 b = 1 .
[문제1-1] (서술형) 정답: 2
앞의 풀이에 의해 건국이의 경우 a = 3 2 \displaystyle a=\frac32 a = 2 3 , b = 1 \displaystyle b=1 b = 1 이므로
tan f ( x ) = ( a − b ) x x 2 + a b = 1 2 x x 2 + 3 2 = x 2 x 2 + 3 \displaystyle \tan f(x)=\frac{(a-b)x}{x^2+ab}=\frac{\frac12x}{x^2+\frac32}=\frac{x}{2x^2+3} tan f ( x ) = x 2 + ab ( a − b ) x = x 2 + 2 3 2 1 x = 2 x 2 + 3 x
조카의 경우, 대응되는 길이를 a ′ \displaystyle a^{\prime} a ′ , b ′ \displaystyle b^{\prime} b ′ 이라 하면 a ′ = a + 1 2 = 2 \displaystyle a^{\prime}=a+\frac12=2 a ′ = a + 2 1 = 2 , b ′ = b + 1 2 = 3 2 \displaystyle b^{\prime}=b+\frac12=\frac32 b ′ = b + 2 1 = 2 3 이므로
tan g ( x ) = ( a ′ − b ′ ) x x 2 + a ′ b ′ = 1 2 x x 2 + 2 ⋅ 3 2 = x 2 x 2 + 6 \displaystyle \tan g(x)=\frac{(a^{\prime}-b^{\prime})x}{x^2+a^{\prime} b^{\prime}}=\frac{\frac12x}{x^2+2\cdot\frac32}=\frac{x}{2x^2+6} tan g ( x ) = x 2 + a ′ b ′ ( a ′ − b ′ ) x = x 2 + 2 ⋅ 2 3 2 1 x = 2 x 2 + 6 x
lim x → 0 f ( x ) = lim x → 0 g ( x ) = 0 \displaystyle \lim_{x\to0}f(x)=\lim_{x\to0}g(x)=0 x → 0 lim f ( x ) = x → 0 lim g ( x ) = 0 이므로 lim x → 0 tan f ( x ) f ( x ) = lim x → 0 tan g ( x ) g ( x ) = 1 \displaystyle \lim_{x\to0}\frac{\tan f(x)}{f(x)}=\lim_{x\to0}\frac{\tan g(x)}{g(x)}=1 x → 0 lim f ( x ) tan f ( x ) = x → 0 lim g ( x ) tan g ( x ) = 1 .
또한 lim x → 0 tan f ( x ) tan g ( x ) = lim x → 0 2 x 2 + 6 2 x 2 + 3 = 2 \displaystyle \lim_{x\to0}\frac{\tan f(x)}{\tan g(x)}=\lim_{x\to0}\frac{2x^2+6}{2x^2+3}=2 x → 0 lim tan g ( x ) tan f ( x ) = x → 0 lim 2 x 2 + 3 2 x 2 + 6 = 2 이므로
lim x → 0 f ( x ) g ( x ) = lim x → 0 f ( x ) tan f ( x ) tan g ( x ) g ( x ) tan f ( x ) tan g ( x ) = 1 ⋅ 1 ⋅ 2 = 2 \displaystyle \lim_{x\to0}\frac{f(x)}{g(x)}=\lim_{x\to0}\frac{f(x)}{\tan f(x)}\frac{\tan g(x)}{g(x)}\frac{\tan f(x)}{\tan g(x)}=1\cdot1\cdot2=2 x → 0 lim g ( x ) f ( x ) = x → 0 lim tan f ( x ) f ( x ) g ( x ) tan g ( x ) tan g ( x ) tan f ( x ) = 1 ⋅ 1 ⋅ 2 = 2 .