1. 답안 1) ( 3 2.5 ) 2 = 3 5 = 243 \displaystyle \left(3^{2.5}\right)^{2}=3^{5}=243 ( 3 2.5 ) 2 = 3 5 = 243 , ( 2.5 3 ) 2 = 2.5 6 = 5 6 2 6 > 244 \displaystyle \left(2.5^{3}\right)^{2}=2.5^{6}=\frac{5^{6}}{2^{6}}>244 ( 2. 5 3 ) 2 = 2. 5 6 = 2 6 5 6 > 244 ∴ 3 2.5 < 2.5 3 \displaystyle 3^{2.5}<2.5^{3} 3 2.5 < 2. 5 3
답안 2) y = 2.5 3 3 2.5 \displaystyle y=\frac{2.5^{3}}{3^{2.5}} y = 3 2.5 2. 5 3 log y = 3 log 2.5 − 2.5 log 3 = 3 ( 1 − 2 log 2 ) − 2.5 log 3 = 3 − 6 log 2 − 2.5 log 3 \displaystyle \log y=3\log 2.5-2.5\log 3=3(1-2\log 2)-2.5\log 3=3-6\log 2-2.5\log 3 log y = 3 log 2.5 − 2.5 log 3 = 3 ( 1 − 2 log 2 ) − 2.5 log 3 = 3 − 6 log 2 − 2.5 log 3 log 2 < 0.3011 \displaystyle \log 2<0.3011 log 2 < 0.3011 , log 3 < 0.4772 \displaystyle \log 3<0.4772 log 3 < 0.4772 이므로,log y > 3 − 6 × 0.3011 − 2.5 × 0.4772 = 0.0004 > 0 \displaystyle \log y>3-6\times 0.3011-2.5\times 0.4772=0.0004>0 log y > 3 − 6 × 0.3011 − 2.5 × 0.4772 = 0.0004 > 0 이므로 y > 1 \displaystyle y>1 y > 1 ∴ 3 2.5 < 2.5 3 \displaystyle 3^{2.5}<2.5^{3} 3 2.5 < 2. 5 3
2. 답안1) log를 활용한 풀이 y = 2.4 3 3 2.4 \displaystyle y=\frac{2.4^{3}}{3^{2.4}} y = 3 2.4 2. 4 3 log y = 3 log 2.4 − 2.4 log 3 = 0.6 log 3 + 9 log 2 − 3 \displaystyle \log y=3\log 2.4-2.4\log 3=0.6\log 3+9\log 2-3 log y = 3 log 2.4 − 2.4 log 3 = 0.6 log 3 + 9 log 2 − 3 log 2 < 0.3011 \displaystyle \log 2<0.3011 log 2 < 0.3011 , log 3 < 0.4772 \displaystyle \log 3<0.4772 log 3 < 0.4772 이므로,0.6 log 3 + 9 log 2 < ( 0.6 ) ( 0.4772 ) + 9 ( 0.3011 ) = 0.28632 + 2.7099 = 2.99622 < 3 \displaystyle 0.6\log 3+9\log 2<(0.6)(0.4772)+9(0.3011)=0.28632+2.7099=2.99622<3 0.6 log 3 + 9 log 2 < ( 0.6 ) ( 0.4772 ) + 9 ( 0.3011 ) = 0.28632 + 2.7099 = 2.99622 < 3 ∴ log y < 0 \displaystyle \log y<0 log y < 0 , y < 1 \displaystyle y<1 y < 1 이므로 3 2.4 > 2.4 3 \displaystyle 3^{2.4}>2.4^{3} 3 2.4 > 2. 4 3
답안2) 거듭제곱을 직접 계산 ( 2.4 3 3 2.4 ) 5 = 2.4 15 3 12 = 504857.3 ⋯ 531441 < 1 \displaystyle \left(\frac{2.4^{3}}{3^{2.4}}\right)^{5}=\frac{2.4^{15}}{3^{12}}=\frac{504857.3\cdots}{531441}<1 ( 3 2.4 2. 4 3 ) 5 = 3 12 2. 4 15 = 531441 504857.3 ⋯ < 1 ∴ 3 2.4 > 2.4 3 \displaystyle 3^{2.4}>2.4^{3} 3 2.4 > 2. 4 3
3. f ( x ) = x 1 x \displaystyle f(x)=x^{\frac{1}{x}} f ( x ) = x x 1 ln f ( x ) = 1 x ln x \displaystyle \ln f(x)=\frac{1}{x}\ln x ln f ( x ) = x 1 ln x 양변을 x \displaystyle x x 에 대해 미분하면, f ′ ( x ) f ( x ) = 1 x ⋅ x − ( ln x ) ⋅ 1 x 2 = 1 − ln x x 2 \displaystyle \frac{f^{\prime}(x)}{f(x)}=\frac{\frac{1}{x}\cdot x-(\ln x)\cdot 1}{x^{2}}=\frac{1-\ln x}{x^{2}} f ( x ) f ′ ( x ) = x 2 x 1 ⋅ x − ( ln x ) ⋅ 1 = x 2 1 − ln x , f ′ ( x ) = x 1 x ( 1 − ln x x 2 ) \displaystyle f^{\prime}(x)=x^{\frac{1}{x}}\left(\frac{1-\ln x}{x^{2}}\right) f ′ ( x ) = x x 1 ( x 2 1 − ln x ) x > 0 \displaystyle x>0 x > 0 이므로 x 1 x x 2 > 0 \displaystyle \frac{x^{\frac{1}{x}}}{x^{2}}>0 x 2 x x 1 > 0 ∴ 0 < x < e \displaystyle 0<x<e 0 < x < e 이면 f ′ ( x ) > 0 \displaystyle f^{\prime}(x)>0 f ′ ( x ) > 0 이므로 f ( x ) \displaystyle f(x) f ( x ) 는 증가하고, x > e \displaystyle x>e x > e 이면 f ′ ( x ) < 0 \displaystyle f^{\prime}(x)<0 f ′ ( x ) < 0 이므로 f ( x ) \displaystyle f(x) f ( x ) 는 감소한다.
4. e < 3 < π \displaystyle e<3<\pi e < 3 < π 이므로 물음 3의 결론을 이용하면, f ( 3 ) > f ( π ) \displaystyle f(3)>f(\pi) f ( 3 ) > f ( π ) , 즉 3 1 3 > π 1 π \displaystyle 3^{\frac{1}{3}}>\pi^{\frac{1}{\pi}} 3 3 1 > π π 1 , ( 3 1 3 ) 3 π > ( π 1 π ) 3 π \displaystyle \left(3^{\frac{1}{3}}\right)^{3\pi}>\left(\pi^{\frac{1}{\pi}}\right)^{3\pi} ( 3 3 1 ) 3 π > ( π π 1 ) 3 π ∴ 3 π > π 3 \displaystyle 3^{\pi}>\pi^{3} 3 π > π 3
5. f ( x ) = x 1 x \displaystyle f(x)=x^{\frac{1}{x}} f ( x ) = x x 1 , ln f ( x ) = ln x x \displaystyle \ln f(x)=\frac{\ln x}{x} ln f ( x ) = x ln x lim x → 0 + ln x x = − ∞ \displaystyle \lim_{x\to 0^{+}}\frac{\ln x}{x}=-\infty x → 0 + lim x ln x = − ∞ 이므로 lim x → 0 + f ( x ) = 0 \displaystyle \lim_{x\to 0^{+}}f(x)=0 x → 0 + lim f ( x ) = 0 이다. lim x → ∞ ln x x = 0 \displaystyle \lim_{x\to\infty}\frac{\ln x}{x}=0 x → ∞ lim x ln x = 0 이므로 lim x → ∞ f ( x ) = 1 \displaystyle \lim_{x\to\infty}f(x)=1 x → ∞ lim f ( x ) = 1 이다. 이를 물음 3에서 조사된 f ( x ) \displaystyle f(x) f ( x ) 의 증감에 적용시켜 y = f ( x ) \displaystyle y=f(x) y = f ( x ) 의 그래프 개형을 그려보면 아래와 같다.
b 1 b = a 1 a \displaystyle b^{\frac{1}{b}}=a^{\frac{1}{a}} b b 1 = a a 1 이면 ( b 1 b ) a b = ( a 1 a ) a b \displaystyle \left(b^{\frac{1}{b}}\right)^{ab}=\left(a^{\frac{1}{a}}\right)^{ab} ( b b 1 ) ab = ( a a 1 ) ab , b a = a b \displaystyle b^{a}=a^{b} b a = a b 이다.따라서, a x = x a \displaystyle a^{x}=x^{a} a x = x a 에 대해 x ≠ a \displaystyle x\ne a x = a 인 양의 실수 x \displaystyle x x 는, 0 < a ≤ 1 \displaystyle 0<a\le 1 0 < a ≤ 1 또는 a = e \displaystyle a=e a = e 일 때는 존재하지 않고, 1 < a < e \displaystyle 1<a<e 1 < a < e 또는 a > e \displaystyle a>e a > e 이면 1개 존재한다.